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Various Types of Neurons

Neurons, or nerve cells, are excitable electric conduction cells in the nervous system. They are present in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. They are made of a cell body, axon, and dendrites. The cells communicate with chemicals via synaptic transmission beginning with the generation of action potential, a propagating electric signal. They can be classified by their function.
Afferent, Efferent, Interneurons, Excitatory, Inhibitory, Modulatory
Afferent
Entered/Authored by Alicia Prater Modified Friday, 22 February 2008 19:20

Also known as: Sensory neurons

Description: Afferent neurons carry signals from tissues and organs to the central nervous system.

Efferent
Entered/Authored by Alicia Prater Modified Friday, 22 February 2008 19:20

Also known as: Motor neurons

Description: Efferent neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to effector cells in the tissue.

Interneurons
Entered/Authored by Alicia Prater Modified Friday, 22 February 2008 19:20

Also known as: Relay neurons

Description: Interneurons connect neurons in the peripheral nervous system or within specific regions in the central nervous system.

Excitatory
Entered/Authored by Alicia Prater Modified Friday, 22 February 2008 19:20

Description: Excitatory neurons excite their targeted neurons. In the central nervous system, including the brain, they are glutamatergic. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine is most often the neurotransmitter.

Inhibitory
Entered/Authored by Alicia Prater Modified Friday, 22 February 2008 19:20

Description: Inhibitory neurons inhibit their targeted neurons. The common neurotransmitters are GABA and glycine.

Modulatory
Entered/Authored by Alicia Prater Modified Friday, 22 February 2008 19:19

Description: Modulatory neurons evoke neuromodulation. Neuromodulation depends on many neurotransmitter systems such as dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. The effect is diffuse as opposed to directly targeting particular neurons.

 
 
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